Uburyo Aluminium FoilIs Yakozwe

Ibikoresho bito

Aluminiyumu ibara bimwe mubintu byinshi byuzuye: nyuma ya ogisijeni na silikoni, nicyo kintu cyuzuye cyagenwe imbere yisi, kikaba kigizwe hejuru yumunani kwijana ryubutaka kugeza kuntambwe y'ibirometero icumi kandi bigaragara muri buri rutare rusanzwe.

Nyamara, aluminiyumu ntabwo iboneka muburyo bwayo bwumye, ibyuma ariko ubundi nka hydride ya aluminiyumu (ivanze ryamazi na alumina) ihujwe na silika, okiside yicyuma, na titania.Amabuye ya aluminiyumu yuzuye ni bauxite, yitiriwe umujyi wa Les Baux w’Ubufaransa aho yahindutse igenwa mu 1821. Bauxite itwara ibyuma na hydride ya aluminiyumu, hamwe na yo igereranya imyenda nini nini.

Kugeza ubu, bauxite ni myinshi bihagije kuburyo kubitsa neza hamwe na oxyde ya aluminium ya mirongo ine na gatanu ku ijana cyangwa irenga yacukuwe kugirango ikore aluminium.Ububiko bwibumbiye hamwe buboneka muri buri gice cy’amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo, hamwe n’amabuye menshi yakoreshejwe muri Amerika yaturutse mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, na Ositaraliya.

Kubera ko bauxite ibera hafi yisi, uburyo bwo gucukura biroroshye cyane.Ibisasu bikoreshwa mugukingura ibyobo binini muburiri bwa bauxite, nyuma yibice bya pinnacle byumwanda nigitare.Amabuye yerekanwe noneho akurwaho hamwe nabatwara imizigo imbere, bakarunda mumodoka cyangwa mumodoka ya gari ya moshi, hanyuma bakajyanwa mubuzima bwibihingwa.Bauxite iraremereye (mubisanzwe, toni imwe ya aluminiyumu irashobora kubyazwa kuva kuri toni 4 kugeza kuri 6 zubutare), bityo, kugirango igabanye agaciro ko kuyitwara, izo ndabyo zihora ziherereye hafi y’ibisasu bya bauxite.

Inzira yo Gukora

Gukuramo aluminiyumu karemano muri bauxite ikubiyemo inzira.Ubwa mbere, ubutare bunonosowe kugirango bukureho umwanda nka okiside ya fer, silika, titania, namazi.Noneho, ibisubizo bya aluminium oxyde irashonga kugirango itange aluminiyumu karemano.Nyuma yibyo, aluminiyumu irazunguruka kugirango itange file.

Gutunganya - inzira ya Bayer

1.Ubuhanga bwa Bayer bukoreshwa mugutunganya bauxite burimo intambwe 4: igogora, gushyira mu gaciro, imvura, no kubara.Mugihe cyo gusya, bauxite ni hasi kandi ivangwa na hydroxide ya sodium hakiri kare kuruta kuyijugunywa mu bigega binini kandi byotswa igitutu.Muri ibyo bigega, byitwa digester, guhuza hydroxide ya sodium, ubushyuhe, hamwe nigitutu bimenagura ubutare hasi bikaboneka mubisubizo byuzuye bya sodium aluminate kandi bitangirika byanduye, bigatura hepfo.
2.Icyiciro gikurikira cya tekinike, gushyira mu gaciro, bikubiyemo kohereza igisubizo kandi ibyanduye bikurura tanki na kanda.Muri uru rwego, imyenda yo kuyungurura ifata umwanda, ushobora kujugunywa.Nyuma yo kuyungurura na none, igisubizo cyanyuma kijyanwa muminara ikonje.
3.Mu rwego rukurikiraho, imvura igwa, igisubizo cya aluminium oxyde ikora muri silo nini, aho, muguhuza tekinike ya Deville, amazi yatewe hamwe na kristu ya aluminiyumu yuzuye kugirango iteze imbere imyanda ya aluminium.Mugihe kristu yimbuto ireshya izindi kristu mubisubizo, uduce twinshi twa hydratine ya aluminiyumu itangira kuboneka.Ibi byabanje kuyungurura nyuma yoza.
4.Kubara, intambwe yanyuma cyane muri sisitemu yo gutunganya Bayer, ikubiyemo kwerekana hydrat ya aluminium ubushyuhe bukabije.Ubu bushyuhe bukabije butesha umwambaro umwenda, hasigara ibisigazwa byifu yera nziza: oxyde ya aluminium.

Gushonga

1.Gushonga, bitandukanya aluminium-ogisijeni (alumina) yakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwa Bayer, nintambwe ikurikira mugukuramo aluminiyumu karemano, ibyuma na bauxite.Nubwo sisitemu ikoreshwa muri iki gihe ikomoka ku buryo bwa electrolytike bwahimbwe muri iki gihe binyuze muri Charles Hall na Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, bwaravuguruwe.Ubwa mbere, alumina yashongeshejwe muri terefone igendanwa, icyuma cyimbitse cyometse kuri karubone kandi cyuzuye umuyoboro ushyushye ugizwe cyane cyane na aluminium compound cryolite.

2.Ibyakurikiyeho, amashanyarazi akoreshwa muri iki gihe akoreshwa muri cryolite, bigatuma igikonjo kibaho hejuru ya pinusi ya alumina yashonga.Iyo alumina yinyongera ihindagurika mugihe kivanze, iyi mbuto iravunika kandi ikabyutsa neza.Iyo alumina ishonga, amashanyarazi yangirika kugirango itange urwego rwa aluminiyumu isukuye, yashongeshejwe munsi ya selile ishonga.Umwuka wa ogisijeni uhuza na karubone ikoreshwa mu guhuza selile hanyuma igahunga mu buryo bwa dioxyde de carbone.

3.Kugeza muburyo bwashongeshejwe, aluminiyumu isukuwe ikurwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishonga, ikoherezwa mu musaraba, hanyuma igasigara mu itanura.Kuri uru rwego, ibindi bintu birashobora gutangizwa kugirango bitange aluminiyumu hamwe nibiranga ibicuruzwa bihagarika ibicuruzwa, nubwo file isanzwe ikorwa kuva mirongo cyenda n'icyenda.8 cyangwa mirongo cyenda n'icyenda.Amazi noneho asukwa mubikoresho byo gusubiza inyuma inyuma, aho bikonjesha mubisate binini byitwa "ingots" cyangwa "reroll inventure."Nyuma yo gufatanwa-ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe kugirango hongerwe imbaraga-ingoti zirakwiriye kuzunguruka.

Ubundi buryo bwo gushonga no guta aluminiyumu bita "kudahagarara."Ubu buryo bukubiyemo umurongo utanga umusaruro urimo itanura ryo gushonga, itanura ryo kubika rigizwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe, sisitemu yo guhinduranya, ishami rya casting, igice cyo guhuriza hamwe nka pinch roll, shear and bridle, hamwe n imodoka ya rewind na coil.Ubwo buryo bwombi butanga ibarura ry'ubugari guhera kuri 0.Ijana ijana na makumyabiri na gatanu kugeza kuri zeru.250 (0.317 kugeza 0,635 santimetero) n'ubugari bwinshi.Inyungu yuburyo bukomeza bwo gukina ni uko bidasaba intambwe ya annealing yabanjirije kuzunguruka, kimwe nuburyo bwo gushonga no gutara, kuko annealing ikorwa muburyo bwa sisitemu yo gukina.

Kuzunguruka

Ibarura rya file rimaze gukorwa, rigomba kugabanuka mubyimbye kugirango rikore.Ibi bikorerwa mu ruganda ruzunguruka, aho umwenda urenze inshuro nyinshi gukurura ibyuma byitwa umuzingo.Nkimpapuro (cyangwa imbuga) za aluminiyumu byambukiranya imizingo, zirasunikwa neza kandi zisohoka mu mwanya uri hagati yizingo.Imizingo yakazi ihujwe nizingo ziremereye zizwi nka backup roll, zikoresha stress kugirango zifashe kugumya guhagarara kumashusho.Ibi bifasha kubika ibicuruzwa murwego rwo kwihanganira.Ibishushanyo hamwe no gusubiza inyuma bizunguruka mu mabwiriza atandukanye.Amavuta yongeweho kugirango yorohereze tekinike yo kuzunguruka.Muri ubu buryo bwo kuzunguruka, aluminiyumu rimwe na rimwe igomba gushyirwaho (ubushyuhe-buvurwa) kugirango ikomeze gukora.

Igabanywa rya fayili igenzurwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhindura rpm yimizingo hamwe nubukonje (kurwanya glide), ubwinshi, nubushyuhe bwamavuta azunguruka.Ikinyuranyo kizunguruka kigaragaza ubunini nigihe kirekire cya fayili iva murusyo.Iki cyuho gishobora guhindurwa hifashishijwe kuzamura cyangwa kugabanya ibicapo byo hejuru.Kuzunguruka bitanga ibintu bibiri bisanzwe kuri fayili, igaragara neza na matte.Impera igaragara ikorwa mugihe ifarashi ihuye nigishushanyo mbonera.Kugirango habeho impera ya matte, impapuro ebyiri zigomba gupakirwa hamwe no kuzunguruka icyarimwe;mugihe ibyo bigerwaho, impande zikora kuri buri zitandukanye ziza kuba hamwe na matte yo kurangiza.Ubundi buryo bwo kurangiza imashini, busanzwe bwakozwe mugihe cyo guhindura ibikorwa, burashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga uburyo bwiza.

Mugihe impapuro za fayili zinyuze mumuzingo, ziratondaguwe kandi zishushanyijeho ibyuma bizenguruka cyangwa urwembe rushyizwe ku ruganda.Gukata bivuga impande zimpapuro, nubwo kunyerera bisaba guca ifu mumpapuro nyinshi.Izi ntambwe zikoreshwa mugutanga ubugari buto bworoshye, kugabanya impande zometseho cyangwa zometseho, no gutanga ibice kare.Kubyukuri guhimba no guhindura ibikorwa, imbuga zacitse zose binyuze mukuzunguruka zigomba guhuzwa zigasubizwa hamwe, cyangwa zigatangwa.Ubwoko busanzwe bwa splices kugirango ube umunyamuryango wurubuga rwa fayili yoroshye na / cyangwa fayili yatewe inkunga igizwe na ultrasonic, kaseti ifata ubushyuhe, kaseti ifunga imihangayiko, hamwe n amashanyarazi.Igice cya ultrasonic gikoresha ikoreshwa rya weld ihagaze-yakozwe na transducer ya ultrasonic-muri metallic yuzuye.

Kurangiza inzira

Kubipaki byinshi, file ikoreshwa muri IV / guhuza nibintu bitandukanye.Irashobora gutwikirwa nibintu byinshi bitandukanye, birimo polymers na resin, kubikorwa byo gushushanya, kwirwanaho, cyangwa gushyushya ubushyuhe.Irashobora gushyirwa kumpapuro, impapuro, na firime ya plastike.Irashobora kandi gukata, gushirwaho muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, gucapwa, gushushanya, gucamo ibice, impapuro, gushushanya, no gushushanya.Iyo file imaze kuba mugihugu cyayo cyanyuma, irapakirwa bikoherezwa kubakiriya.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge

Usibye muburyo-bwo kugenzura ibipimo nkubushyuhe nigihe, ibicuruzwa byuzuye byuzuye bigomba kuba byujuje ibikenewe.Kurugero, bumwe muburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kureka no kureka gukoresha bwarabonetse busaba ibyiciro bitandukanye byumye kumpapuro kugirango bikore neza.Ubushuhe burareba bukoreshwa muguhitamo gukama.Muri iki kizamini, ibisubizo bidasanzwe byinzoga ya Ethyl mumazi yatoboye, mukwiyongera kwijana icumi hifashishijwe ingano, bisukwa muburyo bumwe hejuru yubutaka.Niba nta bitonyanga bitonyanga, ubushuhe ni 0. Tekinike irakomeza kugeza igihe hamenyekanye ijanisha rito ryumuti winzoga uzahanagura rwose hasi.

Ibindi bintu bikomeye ni ubunini nimbaraga zikomeye.Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura bwatejwe imbere hifashishijwe Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho (ASTM).Umubyimba ugenwa no gupima icyitegererezo no gupima umwanya wacyo, nyuma yo kugabanya uburemere ukoresheje ibyakozwe ahantu hagaragara ubucucike.Kugenzura impagarara kuri file bigomba kugenzurwa neza kuko reba ingaruka zishobora kuba ziterwa nimpande zikomeye no kuba hari inenge nto, kimwe nibindi bihinduka.Igishushanyo gishyizwe mu gufata kandi igitutu cyinshi cyangwa gikurura gikoreshwa kugeza igihe kuvunika kwabayeho.Umuvuduko cyangwa amashanyarazi asabwa kugirango acike icyitegererezo arapimwa.