Amateka ya Aluminium Foi?

Aluminium nigipimo ntarengwa cyagenwe nicyuma uruganda rugezweho rukoresha muburyo bwinshi.Azwi nka “alumina,” ibimera bya aluminiyumu byakoreshwaga mu gushyira hamwe imiti muri Egiputa ya kera no gushyira irangi ry'imyenda mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo hagati.

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'umunani, abahanga bakekaga ko ibyo bikoresho birimo ibyuma, maze mu 1807, umuhanga mu by'imiti mu Bwongereza Sir Humphry Davy agerageza kubigunga.Nubwo imbaraga ze zananiranye, Davy yemeje ko alumina yari ifite icyuma, icyambere akaba azwi ku izina rya “alumium.”Nyuma Davy yahinduye ibi "aluminium,", kandi, nubwo abahanga mu bihugu byinshi bavuga ijambo "aluminium," Abanyamerika benshi bakoresha imyandikire ya Davy ivuguruye.

Mu 1825, umuhanga mu bya shimi wo muri Danemarke witwa Hans Christian Ørsted yitandukanije na aluminiyumu, hanyuma nyuma yimyaka makumyabiri, umuhanga mu bya fiziki witwa Friedrich Wohler ukomoka mu kidage ahinduka ashoboye gukora uduce twinshi tw’ibyuma;icyakora, imyanda ya Wohler yabaye nziza cyane ibipimo bya pinheads.

Mu 1854, Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, umuhanga w’umufaransa, tekinike ya Wohler ihagije yo gukora ibibyimba bya aluminiyumu nini nka marble.Uburyo bwa Deville bwatanze umusingi w’inganda zigezweho za aluminiyumu, kandi utubari twa aluminiyumu twakozwe twerekanwe mu 1855 ku imurikagurisha ry’i Paris.

Kuri iki kintu agaciro karenze ko gutandukanya icyuma gishya cyabonetse kibuza ubucuruzi bwacyo gukoresha.Icyakora, mu 1866, abahanga mu bya siyansi 1866 bayobora umwe umwe uri muri Amerika n'Ubufaransa byateye imbere mu gihe cya mbere cyitwa Hallting alumina kuva ku ntera ya ogisijeni.Mugihe buri Charles Hall na Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult bahaye patenti ibyo bavumbuye, muri Amerika no mubufaransa, Hall yabaye iyambere kugirango yumve ubushobozi bwamafaranga yuburyo bwe bwo kweza.

Mu 1888 we na bagenzi be benshi bashinze Pittsburgh Reduction Company, ikora insimburangingo ya aluminium ya mbere ayo mezi 12.Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu guha ingufu uruganda runini rushya rwo guhindura hafi y’isumo rya Niagara no gutanga ubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera kuri aluminium, umukoresha wa Hall - yahinduye isosiyete ya Aluminium yo muri Amerika (Alcoa) mu 1907 - aratera imbere.Nyuma Héroult yashyizeho Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft mu Busuwisi.Batewe inkunga nubufasha bugenda bwiyongera kuri aluminium mugihe cyintambara ya mbere yisi ya kabiri na kabiri, ibihugu bitandukanye bitandukanye byateye imbere mu nganda byatangiye gutanga aluminiyumu yabo.

Mu 1903, Ubufaransa bwabaye igihugu cya mbere cyabyaye ifu ya aluminiyumu isukuye.Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zakurikiranye nyuma yimyaka icumi, ikoreshwa ryambere ryibicuruzwa bishya ni imigozi yamaguru kugirango bavumbure inuma ziruka.Ifu ya aluminium yahindutse bidatinze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho no gupakira, maze Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yihutisha iyi nzira, ishyiraho ifu ya aluminiyumu nk'igitambaro nyamukuru cyo gupakira.

Kugeza ku Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Alcoa yakomeje kuba umunyamerika wenyine wakoze aluminiyumu isukuye, ariko muri iki gihe hari ibicuruzwa birindwi by'ingenzi bya aluminium foil iri muri Amerika.